Integrated Circuit Fabrication Photolithography
Photolithography is the process of transferring patterns on a mask to a thin layer ofphotoresist covering the surface of a semiconductor wafer. These patterns define the various regions in an integrated circuit, such as the implantation regions, the contact windows, and the bonding pad areas. More ...
Circuit Analysis with Thevenin's theorem
Thevenins theorem states that Any linear electronic network containing only voltage sources, current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent combination of a voltage source in a series connection with a resistance. More ...
Capacitors
A capacitor is an electronic component that can store electric charge. A capacitor is constructed with two conductive plates separated by an insulator called a dielectric. More ...
Common Emitter Configuration Transistor Biasing
To design a common emitter amplifier circuit, use a voltage divider with resistors selected to set the base voltage at the center of the transistor's linear region. Then, through a DC blocking capacitor, apply a waveform to the transistor's base. More ...
Integrated Circuit Fabrication Masks
A mask in IC Fabrication is a master template for an IC design. A light-sensitive material, is applied on the wafer. The mask as well as a wafer are inserted in a lithography scanner. More ...
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
A Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a 4-layer diode that is controlled by a gate signal. It ca be turned on by a pulse on the gate. More ...
Electromagnetic Devices
Electromagnetic devices work based on the relationship between electrical current and a magnetic field. They are used to control valves, cooling and heating systems, relays, and electric motors. More ...
Electrical Transformers
A transformer is an electrical device that uses the principle of magnetic induction to step voltage up or step down. Inversely it increases or decreases the current available at the different voltages. More ...
Integrated Circuit Photoresist Process
The semiconductor photolithography process involves coating the substrate with A light-sensitive chemical layer called photoresist. Light is projected through a mask onto the substrate causings photoresists to react chemically. More ...
Alternating Current
With DC (Direct Current), electric current flows in only one direction. With AC (Alternating Current), current direction reverses periodically. More ...
Planar Integrated Circuit Fabrication
The key unit process steps in IC fabrication, include oxidation, photolithography, etching, ion implantation, and metallization. Here, we describe the oxidation steps. More ...
Transforming Sources for Circuit Analysis
Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's laws can get pretty laborious when you're analyzing complex circuits. Through a transformation technique, you modify a complex circuit so that in the transformed circuit, the devices are all connected in series or in parallel. After the transformation, you no longer need to systematically apply Kirchhoff's laws. More ...
Batteries
Early in the history of electrical science, laboratory physicists found that when metals came into contact with certain chemical solutions, voltages appeared between the pieces of metal. These were the first electrochemical cells. More ...
Semiconductor Manufacturing Process Sequence
Semiconductor manufacturing consists of a series of sequential process steps in which layers of materials are deposited on substrates, doped with impurities, and patterned using photolithography to produce ICs. More ...
