Java Operators
By Stephen Bucaro
Operators are special characters used to manipulate operands. Operators that perform
an operation on one operand are called unary. Operators that perform an operation
on two operands are called binary. Operators that perform an operation on three
operands are called ternary.
Arithmetic Operators
If variables a and b are integer types and a holds 8 and b holds 4:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
| + | addition | Adds values | a + b result is 12 |
| - | subtraction | Subtracts value | a - b result is 4 |
| * | multiplication | Multiplies values | a * b result is 32 |
| / | division | Divides value | a / b result is 2 |
| % | modulus | Divides value returns remainder | a % b result is 0 |
| -- | decrement | Decreases value by 1 | a-- result is 7 |
| ++ | increment | Increases value by 1 | a++ result is 9 |
Relational Operators
If variables a and b are integer types and a holds 8 and b holds 4:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example
| | == | equal to | if values are equal result is true, if not equal resut is false | a == b is false |
| != | not equal to | if values are not equal result is true, if values are equal result is false | a != b is true |
| > | greater than | if value of left operand is greater than value of right operand, result is true, if not resut is false | a > b is true |
| < | less than | if value of left operand is less than value of right operand, result is true, if not resut is false | a < b is false |
| >= | greater than or equal to | if value of left operand is greater than or equal to value of right operand, result is true, if not resut is false | a >= b is true |
| <= | less than or equal to | if value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, result is true, if not resut is false | a <= b is false |
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators work on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Bitwise operators can be applied
to the integer, long, int, short, char, and byte variable types.
If variable a = 0011 1100 binary and variable b = 0000 1101 binary:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
| & | bitwise AND | binary AND | a & b result is 0000 1100 |
| | | bitwise OR | binary OR | a | b result is 0011 1101 |
| ^ | bitwise XOR | binary XOR | a ^ b result is 0011 0001 |
| ~ | bitwise compliment | binary ones complement | ~a result is 1100 0011 |
| << | left shift | binary shift left | a << 2 result is 1111 0000 |
| >> | right shift | binary shift right | a >> 2 result is 1111 1111 |
| >>> | shift right zero fill | shift right zero fill | a >>> 2 result is 0000 1111 |
When you shift right (>>), the leftmost bits exposed by the shift are filled in with the previous contents
of the leftmost bit This serves to preserve the sign of negative numbers when you shift right and is called sign extension.
That's why we need shift right zero fill, in case you whast the the leftmost bits filled with zeros.
Logical Operators
If variable a holds true and variable b holds false:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example
| | && | logical AND | if both operands are non-zero, the condition becomes true | a && b is false |
| || | logical OR | if any of the two operands are non-zero, the condition becomes true | a || b is true |
| ! | logical NOT | if condition is true, result is false. If condition is false result is true | !(a && b) is true |
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