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IPv6 Address Auto Configuration

When an IPv6 device first connects to a network, it can configure its own IPv6 address. An IPv6 address has two parts, the 64 bit network prefix, and the 64 bit Interface ID. The first step in address auto configuration is to determine the 64 bit Interface ID portion of the address. It does this using a mechanism called MAC-to-EU164.

The MAC-to-EU164 mechanism

The MAC-to-EU164 mechanism takes the 48 bit MAC (Media Access Control) address of the interface and converts it into a 64 bit Interface ID by inserting a special reserved 16 bit value (fffe) into the middle of the MAC address. The second leftmost bit of the 64 bit Interface ID (the Universal/Local bit) is set to 1 if the MAC address is unique.

A MAC address can normally be assumed to be globally unique. The first 24 bits of a MAC address identifies the manufacturer of the device, the last 24 bits are assigned by the manufacturer. Of course, a MAC address may not be unique if the administrator changed it.

The Interface ID is only half of the IP address; a 64 bit prefix is also required. The link-local prefix, is a reserved, value of FF80::/10. Using this as a full 64 bit prefix FF80::/64 it can be added onto the derived Interface ID, giving host complete IPv6 address that can be used for communication on the same network segment (link) or the broadcast domain that the host is connected to.

If the host needs to communicate only with devices on the link, autoconfiguring its link-local address is sufficient. But if it needs to communicate with devices off-link, it needs an address with wider scope - normally a global IPv6 address. There are two ways it can acquire this address:stateful or stateless address autoconfiguration.

If a host uses stateful address autoconfiguration, it consults a DHCP server for the necessary address information. With stateless autoconfiguration, using ND (Network Discovery) protocol, the host acquires a link prefix from the RA (Router Advertisements) it receives. It then adds the prefix to its previously determined Interface ID, and now it has a globally unique IPv6 address.

More Networking Protocols and Standards:
• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Protocol
• VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol)
• IPv6 Packet Fragmentation
• The OSI Presentation Layer
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Explained
• IEEE 802.11 Wireless Modulation Methods
• Networking and Internet Standards Organizations
• TCP/IP Features
• Network Cabling and Components
• Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) Protocol

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