RIP (Routing Information Protocol) comes in two different versions: 1 and 2. Version 1 is a distance vector protocol. Version 2 is a hybrid protocol. RIPv1 uses local broadcasts to share routing information. These updates are periodic in nature, occurring, by default, every 30 seconds, with a hold-down period of 180 seconds. Both versions of RIP use hop count as a metric, which is not always the best metric to use. RIPv1 is a classful protocol. Another interesting feature is that RIP supports up to six equal-cost paths to a single destination. The default is actually four paths, but this can be increased up to a maximum of six.
RIPv2
One major enhancement to RIPv2 pertains to how it deals with routing updates. Instead of using broadcasts, RIPv2 uses multicasts. And to speed up convergence, RIPv2 supports triggered updates-when a change occurs, a RIPv2 router will immediately propagate its routing information to its connected neighbors. A second major enhancement that RIPv2 has is that it is a classless protocol. RIPv2 supports variable-length subnet masking (VLSM), which allows you to use more than one subnet mask for a given class network number.
Configuring IP RIP
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# network IP_network_#
Specifying RIP Version 1 and 2
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# version 1|2
Troubleshooting IP RIP
show ip protocols
show ip route
debug ip rip
debug ip rip
RIP is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). An Interior Gateway Protocol is used for exchanging routing information between routers within an AS (Autonomous System). An AS is a group of networks that controls an IP address space and uses the same routing protocol and has a unified routing policy. Typically, each AS is operated by a single large organization. Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.
RIPng (RIP next generation), defined in RFC 2080, is an extension of RIPv2 for support of IPv6. RIPng uses FF02::9 as the destination address for RIP update messages.
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