Ports and Sockets
Data transmitted over the Internet carries a 32-bit IP address that identifies its destination computer and a 16-bit number that identifies a port on that computer. The combination of the IP address and the port number is called a socket. A pair of sockets, one on the sending computer and one on the receiving computer uniquely identifies a specific connection on the Internet. More ...
NTP Server Systems - The Network Time Protocol
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is utilized by NTP Server systems to distribute accurate time information to network time clients. The NTP protocol is widely used throughout the Internet to provide synchronization of computers and processes. This article discusses how NTP server systems utilize the Network Time Protocol to provide networks with an accurate reference of time. More ...
Network Gateways
When networks with different protocols, such as Ethernet and Token Ring need to be connected together, this requires reconstruction of the data packets. To do this, information from above the network layer is required. A gateway is a device that can function at all seven layers of the OSI model. More ...
Basic TCP/IP Networking
In this article, I'm going to describe how a network works. I am NOT not going to load you down with details. Instead, I'm just going to describe what happens when you start your client computer. How it gets access to the network. More ...
How to Set Up FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer computer files between a client and server on a network. This article explains how to set up FTP on IIS and that FTP is not a secure protocol and some secure file transfer alternatives. More ...
IEEE 802.11 Wireless Modulation Methods
IEEE 802.11 Wireless Modulation Methods More ...
Internet Protocol versions IPv4, IPv5 and IPv6
Internet Protocol is the part of the TCP/IP protocol that is responsible for addressing packets. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address IPv6 uses a 128-bit address. This article describes how IPv4 are converted to IPv6 addresses. More ...
IP version 6 (IPv6) Advantages and Implementation
The Internet has, to all intents and purposes, run out of public IP version 4 addresses. The solution to this issue is new IP version 6. This would require a parallel IPv6 based Internet to be running until all IPv4 connections have been converted. More ...
Video - Network Layer (Layer 3) of OSI Networking Model
In this video by Kevin Wallace you learn about the Network Layer of the OSI networking model. More ...
What's the Difference Between a Packet and a Frame?
When speaking of the data in a network, people often call everything a packet. A more proper generic term would be protocol data unit or PDU. The specific name for a PDU depends on at what layer the data unit is in the OSI model. More ...
Representation of IPv6 Addresses
IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length and written as a string of hexadecimal digits. At first glance, these addresses can look overwhelming. RFC 2373 and RFC 5952 provide two helpful rules for reducing the notation involved in the standard format. More ...
Kerberos Authentication Protocol
Kerberos is an authentication protocol which allows computers communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another. Windows 2000 and later use Kerberos as their default authentication method. More ...
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
A good portion of the knowledge required to be a network technician relates to the TCP/IP protocol suite. This article describes the most important protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite. Many other less frequently used protocols exist. More ...
IPv6 Anycast Addresses
An IPv6 anycast address can be assigned to more than one interface. In other words, multiple devices can have the same anycast address. A packet sent to an anycast address is routed to the nearest interface having that address, according to the routers routing table. More ...
IPv4 Address Classes
Originally, IP network numbers were defined with rigid boundaries and grouped into address classes. Even though address classes was created to facilitate efficient use of the IPv4 address space, because of its rigidity it has been abandoned for more flexible classless addressing. More ...
