Understand E = mc^2
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Rutherford's Experiment and The Structure of the Atom
Ernest Rutherford's (1871-1937) surprising discovery about the interior of the atom is most fundamental in explaining so many well-known phenomena. He took us from the plum pudding model to the planetary model of the atom we use today. More ...
How to Enrich Uranium
Uranium enrichment increases the percentage of uranium-235 (U-235) in uranium. Natural uranium has 0.7% U-235, while nuclear reactor fuel needs 3-5%. More ...
Adding Vectors - Components of Vectors
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Hadrons and Leptons
Particles can be grouped according to what forces they feel between them. Hadrons are particles that feel the strong nuclear force, whereas leptons are particles that do not. More ...
Projectile Motion
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Adding Vectors - Components of Vectors
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Particle Accelerators
The fundamental process in creating unknown particles is to accelerate known particles, such as protons or electrons, and direct a beam of them toward a target. More ...
The Four Fundamental Forces of the Universe
Despite the apparent complexity within the universe, there are just four basic forces. These forces are responsible for all interactions known to science: from the very small to the very large to those that we experience in our day-to-day lives. More ...
Bohr's Explanation of the Hydrogen Spectrum
In 1915, Danish physicist Niels Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom at fixed energy levels, and that orbits further from the nucleus have higher energy levels. Electrons emit energy in the form of light when they return to a lower energy level. More ...
